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WORLD CHESS DAY: (Brief)
Chess is one of the ancient games with a combination of sport, scientific thinking, and elements of arts. As we know that sports have helped humanity to survive in times of crisis by improving mental health and reducing anxieties.
This year it celebrates as a virtual event and chess players will attend it. United Nations and government officials, permanent missions to the UN, representatives of civil society, academia, and other relevant stakeholders. The high- Level virtual event will focus on “Chess For Recovering Better”.
Since ancient times Chess is a popular game and play around the world. With time chess game and its rules are evolving. It becomes the game of classes. Only the upper class could afford this challenging game in a long way. However, the merchandise class later introduce this game to the rest of the population while traveling around the world.
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WORLD CHESS DAY: (History)
Chess was invented in Northern Indian Subcontinent during the Gupta period (319 – 543 CE). At that time its name was “Chaturanga”. No doubt this is one of the oldest games of the era. Then this game spread to Persia. When Arabs conquered Persia, Chess become an important part of the life of the Muslim population and from there it spread to Southern Europe. In Europe, Chess evolves in its current form. And later on, it takes the shape of the modern game.
Now the game became more popular. Various Chess tournaments are held with exciting new variations. Further, the timing mechanism also introduces in the game in 1861 with effective rules and charismatic players. In the eighth Summer Olympic Games in Paris, France o 20 July 1924, FIDE the World Chess Foundation was established. And from 20 July 1966, International Chess Day Started celebrating to honor the founding of FIDE. UNESCO proposes to celebrate International Chess Day on 20 July. All over the World now chess tournaments are held. In 1851 in London, the first modern chess tournament was held and it was won by German Adolf Anderssen.
The General Assembly proclaimed 20 July World Chess Day on 12 December 2019. To mark the date of the establishment of the International Chess Federation (FIDE) in Paris in 1924. Under the initiative of FIDE, Chess players around the world observed 20 July as World Chess Day since 1966.
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ABOUT THE GAME
In a chess game, two opponents go head to head with 16 playing pieces each. These pieces include eight pawns, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, one queen, and one king each color. Their main objective is to capture the opponent’s king via a series of strategic moves.
WHAT IS FIDE…?
Fide is the first institution that is the United Chess Federations of Different Countries. Alexander Rueb, a Dutch lawyer, and diplomat became the first president. Around 181 federations of different countries are members of FIDE. It has moved its headquarters to Lausanne, a city that hosts several sports associations, including the International Olympic Committee (IOC). FIDE boosted various achievements like defining international chess play rules, the introduction of international sports, and arbiter titles. Every year, six times the Federation calculates and publishes the Elo rating. It is the rating of the chess player which is calculated based on games with each other. On World Chess Day, FIDE is responsible for organizing various themes, events, and competitions.
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WORLD CHESS CHAMPIONS SINCE THE YEAR 1886
One of the World sports competitions that require the finest technique, strategic thinking, and logical reasoning is the World Chess Championship. The first-ever World Chess Championship played in 1886, was when the sport met its first world champion: the Austrian Wilhelm Steinitz, who held the title until 1894. Since 2013, the owner of the throne is the Norwegian Magnus Carlsen. During these years, the sport has a select group of brilliant minds. Learn a bit about the history of some of the world chess champions…!
WILHELM STEINITZ (1886-1894)
Besides being officially known as the first World Chess Champion, Steinitz is also a pioneer in the development of techniques and almost scientific strategies to the game which would influence all subsequent generations.
EMANUEL LASKER (1894-1921)
Besides being a player, Lasker was a well-known German mathematician, philosopher, and friend of Albert Einstein’s. He was the first to defeat Steinitz in the World Championship, becoming the second World Chess Champion and the player to hold the title for the longest time: incredible 27 years. he became famous for using psychology to go for awkward moves toward his opponents.
JOSE RAUL CAPABLANCA (1921-1927)
Considered one of the brightest players in history, Capablanca defeated a Cuban Champion at 12 years of age. His strategic knowledge and logical reasoning became evident by 4 years of age when he learned to play just by watching his father. By defeating Lasker, he accomplished the feat of being crowned the only World Chess Champion any defeats in a match, which would only happen again in 2000, with Kramnik.
ALEXANDER ALEKHINE (1927-1935 & 1937-1946)
This Russian player is known as the only World Chess Champion to retain the title until he died in 1946. His name is often linked to controversies of espionage and Nazism, as well as alcohol abuse, to which many credit his loss to Max Euwe (champion 1935-1937), from whom he would regain the world title some title later.
MAX EUWE (1935-1937)
Born in Amsterdam, Euwe was a brilliant math teacher besides being a chess player. He was the only world champion who was not a professional athlete. His name was involved in another controversy within the world of chess: after the death of Alekhine, the Dutch player gave up his world title – which many believed should have been his – to compete in the championship with five other players, but he ended up finishing the tournament in the last place.
MIKHAIL BOTVINNIK (1948-1957, 1958-1960 & 1961-1963)
This chess player marked the entry of the Soviet Union in World Competitions of Chess, and he became a legend by defeating Capablanca in a simultaneous game at the age of only 14. He held the world champion title in three different periods using previously studied technical openings instead of more intuitive plays or moves that were too risky. He pioneered “laboratory” chess, and he is the patriarch of the Soviet training school.
VASILY SMYSLOV (1957-1958)
The Soviet chess player had a personal characteristic that set him apart from other champions: he was also an opera singer – a fact that ended up influencing his entry into the world chess championships shortly after he had been rejected by the Bolshoi. In 1984 he became the oldest finalist in a cycle of candidates to the World Championship, when he was defeated by Kasparov. His game stood out for its harmony.
MIKHAIL TAL (1960-1961)
He considers one of the best-attacking players in history due to his aggressive but not very technical style. At age 24, Tal was the youngest world champion of his time, a record that was only broken in 1985 by Kasparov, at age 22. Until his death in 1992, he managed the feat of remaining on the list of the 15 best players in the world. Even having had a short reign, “Misha” is one of the most revered chess players in history.
TIGRAN PETROSIAN (1963-1969)
Known for his solid and positional chess, this Armenian also was the only player to defeat Bobby Fischer in the cycle of candidates in 1971, right after the American had achieved a historic sequence of 19 consecutive wins. Tigran left two important marks in positional chess: the development of prophylaxis and a high-quality positional sacrifice.
BORIS SPASSKY (1969-1972)
The Russian chess player started playing when he was 5 years old until he became a young grandmaster. Years later, he won the world title. His playing style has become legendary for the flexibility of being able to adapt its tactics to the moves and strategies used by the opponents at the exact time of “kickoff”. His most notable victories were against Tal and Petrosian, and his most significant defeat was against American Bobby Fischer, at the top of the Cold War – which makes the match a symbol of the dispute between the U.S. and the USSR.
BOBBY FISCHER (1972-1975)
Considered by many the best chess player of all time, Fischer is a recognized name to this day even after his death at the age of 64. He faced the whole Soviet school by himself and managed to beat them all. Possessing an IQ comparable to Einstein’s and an unparalleled love for chess, Bobby, unfortunately, did not want to defend his title against Karpov, so he practically abandoned chess after becoming the world champion. His life was full of controversy, and he was slowly losing his sanity and discernment, but some of his achievements on the chessboard remain unparalleled until today. He is GM Rafael Leitao
ANATOLY KARPOV (1975-1985 & 1993-1999)
Anatoly Karpov knows as one of the best chess players of the century. He was the first to win the world title without playing a final, due to Bobby Fischer’s withdrawal after a series of disagreements with FIDE. After a 10 years series of victories. He lost the championship and three other disputes to Kasparov in 1986, 1987, and 1990. He manages to regain the world champion title only after the departure of its biggest rival from FIDE. His positionally subtle style has singular beauty.
GARRY KASPAROV (1985-1992 & 1993-2000 for the PCA)
He was responsible for the creation of the PCA (Professional Chess Association) in partnership with fellow chess player and world finalist Nigel Short in 1993, after the break-up with the only chess federation of the time, the FIDE. In the same year, the duel between the competitions sealed the first world victory by Kasparov in the PCA, and it becomes known as a unique moment for chess: the first time in history that the sport had two world champions. As Anatoly Karpov had won the final competition of rival federation, FIDE. Kasparov considers by critics the best chess player of all time.
VLADIMIR KRAMNIK (2000 & 2006 by the PCA & 2006-2007)
The Russian chess player, now at 40 years of age, learned the basics of chess at age of five. In 2000 he defeated Kasparov in a match surrounded by controversy. Even being the underdog, he defeats his legendary opponent by winning two matches and getting draws in the others. In a confrontation that popularized the Berlin Defence. He defeated the FIDE World Champion Topalov in 2006 and unified the World Champion titles.
VISWANATHAN ANAND (2007-2011)
Known as the “Indian Sportsman of the millennium,” Anand is a celebrity in India, his birthplace, and he is responsible for teaching chess to millions of children in his country. He is always participating in the world’s biggest tournaments, being among the top five players in the world for over a decade. He is unanimously considered one of the greatest geniuses in the history of chess.
MAGNUS CARLSEN (Champions Since 2013)
The 25-years-old Norwegian player considers the “Mozart” of chess, thanks to his precocious talent. He has been the World Champion Since 2013, and he won the title after defeating Anand by 6.5 to 3.5. He is the chess player with the highest rating score in history and he currently seems to have no rivals to match.
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WORLD CHESS DAY QUOTES
“I have come to the perconal conclusion that while all artists are not chess players, all chess player are artist.”
– MARCEL DUCHAMP
“Chess is the struggle against the error.”
– JOHANNES ZUKERTORT
“Every chess master was once a beginner.”
– Irving Chernev
“Avoid the crowd. DO your own thinking independently. Be the chess player, not the chess piece.”
– RALPH CHARELL
“Chess makes men wiser and clear-sighted.”
– VLADIMIR PUTIN
“Chess is the gymnasium of the mind.”
– BLASIE PASCAL
“Chess holds its master in its own bonds, shackling the mind and brain so that the inner freedom of the very strongest must suffer.”
– ALBERT EINSTEIN
“Chess is a war over the board. The object is to crush the opponent’s mind”
– BOBBY FISCHER
“Chess is life in miniature. Chess is a stuggle, chess battles.”
– GARRY KASPAROV
“Chess, like love, like music, has the power to make men happy.”
– SIEGBERT TARRASCH
“For in the idea of chess and the development of the chess mind we have a picture of the intellectual struggle of mankind.”
– RICHARD RETI
“I don’t believe in psychology. I believe in good moves.”
– BOBBY FISCHER
“It is my style to take my opponent and myself on to unknown grounds. A game of chess is not an examination of knowledge; it is a battle of nerves.”
– DAVID BRONTEIN
“When you see a good move, look for a better one.”
– EMANUEL LASKER
“Give me a difficult positional game, I will play it. But totally won positions, I cannot stand them.”
– HEIN DONNER
“There is no remorse like the remorse of chess.”
– H.G. WELLS
“Even a poor plan is better than no plan at all.”
– MIKHAIL CHIGORIN
“In life, as in chess, forethought wins.”
– CHARLES BUXTON
“Pawns are the soul of the game.”
– FRANCOIS – ANDRE DANICAN PHILIDOR
“Pawn endings are to chess what putting is to golf.”
– CECIL PURDY
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WORLD CHESS DAY SLOGANS
- Chess is my super power.
- Chess matters
- Do more of what makes you happy, fot me that’s Chess.
- Are you crying…? There’s no crying in Chess…!
- Choose your weapon..
- Got Chess…?
- Nobody is perfect but if you can chess, you’re pretty close.
- Chess is funny game, I always laugh when I win.
- Chess makes everything better.
- I’d rather be playing chess.
- Always protect your queen.
- Chess teaches.
- Chess players get the best mates.
- Making Chess moves
- I love Chess.
- Keep Calm & Chess on
- Just Chess.
- Chess for all.
- Believe in moves.
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Final Words
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